The Basics of a Horse Race
A horse race is a contest of speed or stamina between two horses. It can involve enormous fields of runners, sophisticated electronic monitoring equipment and huge sums of money, but its basic concept remains unchanged from its earliest days. The winning horse is the one that crosses the finish line first. Whether the event is a bareback race on sandy beaches or a crowded dirt track, a horse race requires that competitors have equal opportunities to make their move.
A seasoned jockey knows that the first few hundred yards of a race are critical. That’s when a rider must make his or her move to gain a few crucial strides on the rivals. The best riders can read a race in the air, using their ears to pick up slight changes in the pace or direction of the pack and then make a precise move on the leader to seize the advantage.
During the 1700s, racing became more formalized and standardized. In 1751, the King’s Plates were established as a series of races for six-year-olds carrying 168 pounds in 4-mile heats, with a horse having to win two of the races to be declared the winner. In addition, heats were reduced to 2 miles and five-year-olds were admitted to the race series, while four-year-olds began competing in their own races.
By the early 20th century, horse racing had become a huge public-entertainment business with millions of fans. But its popularity began to wane, and many people were concerned about juicing. Powerful painkillers and anti-inflammatories designed for humans were leaking over into the training of racing horses, and racing officials didn’t have the testing capacity to catch these new drugs. Penalties for cheating were weak.
Animal rights groups and the equine industry have had long back-and-forths about the ethics of racing. But one thing they agree on is that if a horse doesn’t perform as well as its competitors, it should be retired. The ASPCA estimates that the vast majority of the ten thousand thoroughbreds killed every year in America are those who have been retired from racing.
The most famous horse race in the world is probably the Palio di Siena, which has been held annually since the 13th century. It’s more than just a race; it’s a part of the identity of Tuscany’s city of Siena, and is considered a symbol of Siena’s pride and honor.
Horse racing isn’t for everyone, but that doesn’t mean it’s unimportant. Regardless of how you feel about it, the freedoms of speech and press mean that news outlets are free to report on it, even though it may be controversial. And while some critics of horse race journalism say that news outlets should cover elections differently, a growing body of research suggests that voters, candidates and the news industry itself suffer when journalists focus primarily on who is winning or losing in an election. This updated roundup of research takes a closer look at that issue.